New Directions for 20th Century China

New Ideas for China

 * Chinese peasants define Chinese identity by opposing the ideology of missionaries
 * National sentiment grows
 * Qing begin taking heat because they are Manchu and not Chinese
 * Anti-Manchu sentiment grows, inspiring overthrow of Chinese Empire

Sun Yatsen

 * Also called Sun Zhongshan
 * Father of the Chinese Revolution
 * Born into peasant village near Canton
 * Rudimentary education in Confucian classics
 * Didn't get more than six years of training
 * Migrated for a time at Hawaii -> Learned english and democracy
 * Enters medical school -> 1892 starts medical service on Macao


 * Returns to Hawaii in 1894 -> Begins revolutionary faction
 * Once back in China, creates links to his new revolutionary society and secret religious groups
 * Qing officials discover his secret plans, flees to Japan and then travels among broader support
 * Needs money and intellectual support, which he builds
 * Kidnapped in London by Qing -> But British pressure forces the Qing to let him go
 * On this 15 yr sojourn, he solidifies his revolutionary ideas

Three Principles of the People

 * 1) People's Nationalism
 * 2) Overthrow of Manuchs
 * 3) New chinese government
 * 4) Expulsion of Foreign Powers
 * 5) People's rights ->
 * 6) Initiative
 * 7) Referendum
 * 8) Recall
 * 9) Five Balanced Powers -> Exe. // Leg. // Judicial. // Control. // Exam. //
 * 10) People's Livelihood
 * 11) Regulation of Capitalism
 * 12) Redistributed Land
 * 13) Everyone gets equal amount of land, if land increases in value then taxes go to gov for social services.

Tongmeng Hui

 * Revolutionary Army
 * Use his 3 principles as its ideology
 * Start 3 uprisings -> All suppressed
 * 1905 -> 400 ppl
 * 1911 -> 10,000 ppl
 * 1911 -> Mutiny within certain Qing army overthrows the Qing power and are supported by local peoples
 * One by one, provinces fall
 * 1912 -> Empress Dowager abdicates the throne -> Establishes Representative Government


 * Gives power over to Yuan Shikai -> Reformer who warned her of the house arrest movement


 * Sun Yatsen wasn't even in China at the time -> In Denver Colorado raising money